Glossary

​

Arbitrum Stylus

An environment that allows developers to write smart contracts in programming languages that compile to WASM, enabling integration with FairyRing for confidential computing.

​

Block Height Decryption

Uses threshold IBE for confidential computing with decryption triggered by FairyRing block height conditions.

​

cApp (Confidential Application)

An application leveraging Fairblock’s encryption for data confidentiality. cApps can run on FairyRing, EVM chains, or Cosmos chains.

​

Confidential AI

Integration of privacy protections with AI models, enabling private inference and data marketplaces.

​

Co-Processing

Integration model where FairyRing handles decryption, execution, and delivers end state to the integrating chain.

​

DeFi (Decentralized Finance)

Blockchain-based financial systems. Fairblock adds confidential features like encrypted trades and private balance management.

​

Derived Private Key

A condition-specific decryption key aggregated from validator keyshares when the condition is met.

​

DKG (Distributed Key Generation)

Process for joint key pair generation without any single party having control of the full secret key.

​

Dynamic Confidential Computing

Fairblock’s core engine that allows adjustable confidentiality levels per application.

​

Encryption SDK

Offchain software used to encrypt transactions before submitting them to the destination chain.

​

Fair Price Discovery

Transparent, manipulation-resistant pricing mechanisms enabled by sealed-bid auctions and encrypted order flow.

​

Fairblock

Network leveraging dynamic confidential computing to mitigate centralized risks in open finance.

​

FairyKit

Integration module enabling confidential computing across ecosystems. Available for EVM, Cosmos, and RustVM chains.

​

FairyPort

Offchain messaging bridge for key distribution and cross-chain communication.

​

FairyRing

A dynamic and decentralized network that hosts app-specific secure confidential computing. Built with Cosmos SDK.

​

fairyringclient

Validator software that participates in DKG, updates MSK shares, and derives condition-specific private keyshares.

​

Fairycloak

Relay layer for anonymous confidential operations, submitting transactions without linking to user wallets.

​

FHE (Fully Homomorphic Encryption)

Technology enabling arbitrary computation on encrypted data. Fairblock uses lightweight HE instead for performance.

​

General Condition Decryption

Any condition (not just block height) can trigger decryption via the x/pep module.

​

HE (Homomorphic Encryption)

Encryption that allows computation on ciphertexts. Fairblock uses Twisted ElGamal for additive HE.

​

IBE (Identity-Based Encryption)

Encryption scheme where any string (like a block height or auction ID) serves as the public key.

​

IBC (Inter-Blockchain Communication)

Cosmos protocol for trust-minimized cross-chain communication, used by FairyRing for external integrations.

​

Malicious Validators

Validators that send incorrect keyshares or skip blocks. Subject to slashing and removal from the active set.

​

Master Public Key (MPK)

Public encryption key generated each epoch via DKG. Anyone can use it to encrypt data for FairyRing.

​

MEV (Maximal Extractable Value)

Fairblock’s approach preserves good MEV while preventing bad MEV through pre-execution transaction encryption.

​

MPC (Multi-Party Computation)

Protocol enabling multiple parties to jointly compute functions without revealing their individual inputs.

​

Precompiles

Native smart contract functions optimized for performance, used in EVM FairyKit integration.

​

Threshold Encryption

Encryption where the private key is derivable only when a threshold of participants aggregate their keyshares.

​

MPC-IBE

Conditional identity-based encryption without single-party key control. Foundation of FairyRing’s pre-execution confidentiality.

​

Twisted ElGamal

Fast additive homomorphic encryption scheme used by Fairblock for confidential transfers.

​

x/pep Module

FairyRing module handling submission, decryption, and processing of encrypted transactions.

​

x/keyshare Module

FairyRing module managing distributed key generation and validator keyshare submissions.

​

ZKP (Zero-Knowledge Proof)

Cryptographic proof that verifies a statement without revealing the underlying data.