Glossary

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Arbitrum Stylus

An environment that allows developers to write smart contracts in programming languages that compile to WASM, enabling integration with FairyRing for confidential computing.

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Block Height Decryption

Uses threshold IBE for confidential computing with decryption triggered by FairyRing block height conditions.

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cApp (Confidential Application)

An application leveraging Fairblock’s encryption for data confidentiality. cApps can run on FairyRing, EVM chains, or Cosmos chains.

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Confidential AI

Integration of privacy protections with AI models, enabling private inference and data marketplaces.

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Co-Processing

Integration model where FairyRing handles decryption, execution, and delivers end state to the integrating chain.

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DeFi (Decentralized Finance)

Blockchain-based financial systems. Fairblock adds confidential features like encrypted trades and private balance management.

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Derived Private Key

A condition-specific decryption key aggregated from validator keyshares when the condition is met.

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DKG (Distributed Key Generation)

Process for joint key pair generation without any single party having control of the full secret key.

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Dynamic Confidential Computing

Fairblock’s core engine that allows adjustable confidentiality levels per application.

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Encryption SDK

Offchain software used to encrypt transactions before submitting them to the destination chain.

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Fair Price Discovery

Transparent, manipulation-resistant pricing mechanisms enabled by sealed-bid auctions and encrypted order flow.

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Fairblock

A decentralized confidentiality network that provides cryptographic services and confidential application infrastructure across multiple chains and execution environments.

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Gateway Contracts

Integration module enabling confidential computing across ecosystems. Available for EVM, Cosmos, and RustVM chains.

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FairyPort

Offchain messaging bridge for key distribution and cross-chain communication.

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FairyRing

Coordinates Fairblock’s decentralized cryptographic services. Users and partners access Fairblock through supported chains, applications, SDKs, and APIs without needing to interact directly with the underlying network. Built with Cosmos SDK.

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fairyringclient

Validator software that participates in DKG, updates MSK shares, and derives condition-specific private keyshares.

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Fairycloak

Relay layer for anonymous confidential operations, submitting transactions without linking to user wallets.

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FHE (Fully Homomorphic Encryption)

Technology enabling arbitrary computation on encrypted data. Fairblock uses lightweight HE instead for performance.

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General Condition Decryption

Any condition (not just block height) can trigger decryption via the x/pep module.

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HE (Homomorphic Encryption)

Encryption that allows computation on ciphertexts. Fairblock uses additive HE.

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IBE (Identity-Based Encryption)

Encryption scheme where any string (like a block height or auction ID) serves as the public key.

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IBC (Inter-Blockchain Communication)

Cosmos protocol for trust-minimized cross-chain communication, used by FairyRing for external integrations.

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Malicious Validators

Validators that send incorrect keyshares or skip blocks. Subject to slashing and removal from the active set.

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Master Public Key (MPK)

Public encryption key generated each epoch via DKG. Anyone can use it to encrypt data for FairyRing.

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MEV (Maximal Extractable Value)

Fairblock’s approach preserves good MEV while preventing bad MEV through pre-execution transaction encryption.

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MPC (Multi-Party Computation)

Protocol enabling multiple parties to jointly compute functions without revealing their individual inputs.

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Precompiles

Native smart contract functions optimized for performance, used in EVM gateway contract integration.

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Threshold Encryption

Encryption where the private key is derivable only when a threshold of participants aggregate their keyshares.

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MPC-IBE

Conditional identity-based encryption without single-party key control. Foundation of FairyRing’s pre-execution confidentiality.

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x/pep Module

FairyRing module handling submission, decryption, and processing of encrypted transactions.

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x/keyshare Module

FairyRing module managing distributed key generation and validator keyshare submissions.

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ZKP (Zero-Knowledge Proof)

Cryptographic proof that verifies a statement without revealing the underlying data.